Monga gawo lofunikira mu zomangira, zida za mtedza zimakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika, kulimba, komanso kukwanira kwa chilengedwe polumikizana. Mtedza wazinthu zosiyanasiyana uli ndi mphamvu zawozawo, kukana dzimbiri, mtengo wake, komanso ntchito zake. Zida zodziwika bwino za nati ndi monga chitsulo cha kaboni, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo cha aloyi, mkuwa, ndi-zida zosapanga zitsulo.
1. Mtedza wachitsulo wa Carbon
Mtedza wa carbon steel ndi womwe umapezeka kwambiri komanso mtengo wake-ndiwotsika mtengo, womwe umagawidwa m'magulu a -carbon steel, medium-carbon steel, ndi{3} carbon steel. Mtedza wachitsulo wochepa{{5}monga Q235) nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi malata kapena phosphated kuti usachite dzimbiri ndipo ndi woyenerera kumakina ndi ntchito zomanga. Mtedza wa chitsulo- wapakati- ndi wamtali kwambiri ({9}monga zitsulo za 45#) ukhoza kuwonjezera mphamvu zake pochiritsa kutentha (monga kuzimitsa ndi kutenthetsa) ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofuna katundu wambiri{11}}kunyamula katundu, monga magalimoto ndi makina omanga. Komabe, mtedza wachitsulo wa kaboni umakhala wosasunthika bwino ndipo umafunikira chitetezo chowonjezera m'malo achinyezi kapena owononga.
2. Mtedza Wachitsulo Wosapanga dzimbiri
Mtedza wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, womwe umalimbana ndi dzimbiri monga phindu lake lalikulu, umapangidwa ndi zinthu monga 304, 316, ndi 201. 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri (18-8 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri) zimapereka asidi, alkali, ndi oxidation kukana kwambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zakudya, mankhwala, ndi m'madzi owonjezera, kuthokoza{4} zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri{4} chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupirira dzimbiri ndipo n'choyenera kugwira ntchito m'madzi ndi m'malo ochita dzimbiri kwambiri. 201 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimapereka mtengo wotsikirapo koma zolimba kuti zisamachite dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zizigwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'malo omwe kuzizira sikovuta kwambiri. Mtedza wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri nthawi zambiri ndi wofooka kuposa chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri cha kaboni, koma umapereka bata kwambiri m'malo ovuta.
3. Mtedza wa Aloyi wachitsulo
Mtedza wachitsulo wa alloy umawonjezera magwiridwe ake onse powonjezera zinthu monga chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri-kutentha kwambiri kapena{2}}kutentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mtedza wa 40Cr alloy steel, utatha kuzimitsidwa ndi kutenthedwa, umakhala wolimba kwambiri komanso wosamva kutha, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito-zomaliza monga injini zamagalimoto ndi zakuthambo. Mtedza wa nickel{{7}opangidwa ndi alloy (monga Inconel) ukhoza kukhala wokhazikika pakatentha kwambiri (monga kupitirira madigiri 800 ) kapena m'malo okhala acidic kwambiri, koma ndi okwera mtengo ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mafakitale apadera.
4. Mtedza wa Copper ndi Copper Alloy
Mtedza wa mkuwa (monga mkuwa H62) uli ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yamagetsi ndi matenthedwe komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazida zamagetsi, ma valve, kapena mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira chitetezo chosokoneza maginito. Mtedza wa bronze (tani mkuwa), chifukwa cha kukana kwawo kuvala komanso kuchepetsa mikangano, ndioyenera kulumikizana ndi ulusi muzoyendetsa sitima kapena makina olemera. Komabe, ma aloyi amkuwa ali ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati -katundu-zonyamula kapena zotsika-zopanda torque.
5. Mtedza-wosakhala wachitsulo
Mitedza yosakhala-yopanda chitsulo (monga nayiloni ndi pulasitiki) imadziwika ndi kupepuka kwawo, insulating, ndi kusachita dzimbiri{1}}. Amapezeka kawirikawiri mu zipangizo zamagetsi, mipando, ndi mapaipi a mankhwala. Mtedza wa nayiloni ndi asidi- komanso alkali-osamva ndipo sawononga zolumikizira chifukwa cha dzimbiri la electrochemical. Komabe, kukana kwawo kutentha (nthawi zambiri Kuchepera kapena kofanana ndi digirii 120) ndi mphamvu zimalepheretsa ntchito yawo. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri-pazopanikizika kapena zosakhalitsa kwakanthawi.
Chidule
Kusankhidwa kwa mtedza kumafuna kuganizira mozama za katundu, momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira (monga dzimbiri ndi kutentha), mtengo, ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito. Mtedza wa carbon steel ndi wotchipa komanso wothandiza, mtedza wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi woyenerera kumadera ovuta, mtedza wa alloy steel umakwaniritsa zofunikira-zogwira ntchito kwambiri, ndipo-mtedza wosapanga dzimbiri uli ndi ubwino wake wapadera pa ntchito zinazake. Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa zinthu kumatha kusintha kwambiri kudalirika ndi moyo wautumiki wa dongosolo lokhazikika.
