Zopangira zitsulo, zooneka ngati zosafunika kwenikweni, zimakhala paliponse m'moyo wamakono. Kuchokera pazitsulo za nyumba zapamwamba-zokwera kufika pazigawo zamkati za zida zolondola kwambiri, kuyambira kulumikiza mipando mpaka kupanga zida za m'mlengalenga, zomangira, zomangira zosavuta koma zogwira mtima, zimakwaniritsa mwakachetechete ntchito zofunika kwambiri zolumikizirana, kukonza, ndi kuthandiza. Zitha kukhala zosawoneka bwino, koma ndimwala wofunikira kwambiri pa chitukuko cha mafakitale.
Kusintha kwa Screws
Mbiri ya zomangira imatha kuyambika cha m'ma 300 BC, pomwe Agiriki akale ndi Aroma adagwiritsa ntchito zomangira zamatabwa kuponda mafuta a azitona kapena madzi amphesa. Zomangira zakale zinalibe ulusi wokhazikika ndipo zinali zopangidwa ndi manja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisagwire bwino ntchito komanso kulondola kochepa. M'zaka za m'ma 1500 Leonardo da Vinci anajambula makina a screw m'mipukutu yake, ndikuyika maziko opangira zitsulo zamakina.
Kubwera kwa Industrial Revolution kunasinthiratu tsogolo la zomangira. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800, katswiri wina wa ku Britain, dzina lake Henry Maudslay, anapanga makina opangira ulusi woyamba-wopanga masikelo aakulu,{3}}olondola kwambiri. Kukula kotsatira kwa ulusi wokhazikika (monga ulusi wa Whitworth ndi ulusi wa metric) kunapangitsa zomangira kukhala chomangira chapadziko lonse lapansi.
Mitundu ndi Ntchito Zopangira Zopangira
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomangira, iliyonse yopangidwira ntchito inayake. Zomangira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo:
Zomangira zamatabwa: Izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mutu waukulu komanso ulusi wozama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kumamatira kumatabwa popanda-kubowola kale (ngakhale{1}}kubowola kumalepheretsa kusweka).
Zomangira zamakina: Izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kumangiriza zitsulo kapena pulasitiki ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafuna nati kapena dzenje la ulusi.
Zomangira tokha-zomatapa: Izi zimakhala ndi ulusi wakuthwa ndipo zimatha kukulungidwa muzinthu zofewa (monga mapulasitiki ndi zitsulo zopyapyala) popanda-kugogoda.
Zomangira zomangira: Izi zimapereka mphamvu yogwira mwamphamvu kudzera m'manja okulitsa ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga makoma a konkriti kapena njerwa.
Zisulo zimagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri-pazaukadaulo wapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, zomangira za titaniyamu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito muzamlengalenga ndi zopepuka koma zamphamvu, zotha kupirira malo ovuta; ma microscrew mu zida zamagetsi amafuna ngakhale maikulosikopu kuti awone.
Sayansi ndi Umisiri Kumbuyo kwa Screws
Zomakina za zomangira zingawoneke ngati zosavuta-mphamvu yozungulira imasinthidwa kukhala axial pressure kudzera mu bevel wa ulusi. Komabe, mfundo zazikuluzikulu zimaphatikizapo sayansi yazinthu, tribology, ndi kupanga molondola. Ngongole ya ulusi, phula, ndi kuuma kwa zinthu zonse zimakhudza momwe kumangirira ndi moyo wautumiki.
Mwachitsanzo, zomangira zodzitsekera-zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wapadera kapena zoikamo za nayiloni kuti zisamasuke chifukwa cha kunjenjemera, pomwe zotchingira -zomamasula zimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo monga zomangira masika, mtedza, kapena zosindikizira ulusi pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti{2}}zikhazikika kwanthawi yayitali. Zatsopanozi zapangitsa kuti zomangira zikhale zofunika kwambiri pachitetezo-zofunika kwambiri monga magalimoto,-njanji zothamanga kwambiri, ndi milatho.
Tsogolo la Screws
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa makina osindikizira a 3D ndi kupanga mwanzeru, kupanga zomangira kumakhala kosinthika komanso makonda. M'tsogolomu, zomangira zitha kuphatikizidwa ndi masensa kuti aziyang'anira momwe akumangirira munthawi yeniyeni, kapena angaphatikizepo zida zatsopano zophatikizika kuti achepetse kulemera ndikusunga mphamvu. Ngakhale pofufuza zakuthambo, asayansi akupanga zomangira za "space-grade" zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito modalirika mu vacuum ndi kutentha kwambiri.
Ngakhale zomangira ndi gawo laling'ono chabe la makina akulu, amapitilira kufunafuna kwaumunthu kulumikizana ndi kukhazikika. Nthawi ina mukamangitsa wononga, ganizirani za nzeru zaumisiri ndi mphamvu zamafakitale kumbuyo kwa gawo laling'onoli.
